Born in Glasgow, Scotland, he was a leading figure in the Glasgow School of art and design, known for his distinctive blend of modernist simplicity, geometric forms, and organic motifs.

Mackintosh's work spanned architecture, furniture, textiles, and interior design, often incorporating Japanese influences alongside traditional Scottish elements. Some of his most famous architectural projects include The Glasgow School of Art (1897–1909), Hill House, and Scotland Street School. His furniture designs, characterized by high-backed chairs and intricate detailing, remain highly influential.

Despite his visionary approach, Mackintosh struggled for widespread recognition during his lifetime. Later generations, however, celebrated his contributions to modern design, cementing his legacy as a key figure in early 20th-century architecture and decorative arts.